该所主要从事辐射生物效应、职业危害防治、职业健康监护、核事故医学应急、辐射流行病调查以及环境对健康影响等研究。下设放射医学、放射卫生学、放射毒理学、环境医学和职业安全评价五个研究室。国家环境保护环境与健康重点实验室（太原）、核工业职业病登记与服务中心设在该所。设有放射医学、劳动卫生与环境卫生学两个专业的硕士学位点。

　　近年来，建设项目职业病危害放射防护评价、建设项目职业安全评价、药物临床前安全性评价、放射工作人员染色体检测与评价等横向技术服务迅速发展，成为该学科领域的经济支柱。

　　The department is mainly engaged in research on biological effects of radiation, occupational hazard prevention, occupational health surveillance, medical emergency response to nuclear accidents, radiation epidemiological investigation, and environmental health effects.

　　Studies on biological effects of radiation, occupational disease prevention and treatment, occupational health surveillance, emergency medical management in a nuclear accident, radiation epidemiological investigation and environmental effect on health are mainly conducted. The Department is composed of 5 divisions, including Division of Radiological Medicine, Division of Radiohygiene, Division of Radiotoxicology, Division of Environmental Medicine and Division of Occupational Safety Assessment. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Taiyuan), Occupational Disease Registration and Service Center of CNNC are located here. The Department has 2 master degree programs of radiological medicine, occupational and environmental hygiene.

　　Currently, many aspects of technical services have been developed rapidly, involving occupational hazard assessment in radiological protection on construction project, occupational safety assessment on construction project, preclinical safety evaluation of pharmaceuticals, detection and assessment on chromosome of radiation workers.